SuicidePrevention [ edit ] In 1999 in France, the suicide has killed 12 000 people [12] , more than traffic accidents. Prevention is complex and delicate situations are not always obvious to detect. In general, we can Denver Divorce Attorney say that suicide (one who makes a suicide attempt) is frequently in a state of depression . Care should be taken to support a loved one in a difficult situation (separation, loss of a loved one, job loss, adolescence, school failure, emotional failure, loss of autonomy …
, that is to say to listen without judging and without analysis of pseudo- psychoanalytic or to stimulate dialogue with a sentence like “I do not feel well at the moment.” We can try to stimulate people to go out and play despite a loss of desire, but avoid at Chicago Criminal Attorney all costs phrases such as “make an effort! “Or” takes a little about you! “The person is already making enormous efforts to try to get out of his depression. Finally, we can invite him to consult a general practitioner . When we feel that the acting out is imminent, it is summoning assistance (112 in the European Union , 15 or 18 in France). spa covers See detailed article Suicide .
The Suicide (from Latin sui , “self” and cidium “act of killing” is the deliberate act to end his own life. In the medical field, it is sometimes subject to autolysis (from the Greek -αὐτο / auto- “self” and λύσις / Lusis “destruction”. According to a modern definition which does not prejudge the intentions of the person and not judge Plastic Containers his act, suicide is “the act which causes the death of a person whose intention is either to end the life , or to produce a new state electronic cigarette of affairs (such as pain relief), the subject thinks he can be reached only through death or it will lead to the death ” 1 . Suicide is a complex process that can be approximated using a single discipline. When it comes to suicide, it is necessary to use several fields such as medicine , the psychopathology , the sociology , the anthropology , the philosophy , the theology or even history.
Etymology [ edit ]
The origin of vps hosting the word (formed from homicide ) is new: its authorship is often attributed to a writing of the Abbe Desfontaines in 1737 ( Observations on the writings of modern , t. XI, p. 299) but by 1734, the ‘ Abbe Prevost talks about suicide in his newspaper for and against , the Latin neologism seems to have been used since the xvi th century by the casuists to offset the word homicide used so far and tried too hard 2 . Voltaire (who published in 1739, suicide or homicide of oneself ) and encyclopedists accept this neologism and broadcast. It was adopted by jurists, as Daniel Jousse , who will now co-exist both in legal terms. Awards [ edit ]
To consider that we are dealing with a suicide, the death must be the intention of the act and not merely one of its consequences. A suicide bomber , for example, be considered as being more of a terrorist act or a form of martyrdom , according to the speaker, that’s suicide. Definitions notable [ edit ]
Suicide: act to end his own auctions online life. Suicide: suicide deceased. Suicide: a person who was manifested by a self-aggressive behavior oriented more or less autolytic. Attempted suicide : self-aggressive acts intended to end his life which the subject survives, abbreviated as TS. Suicidal ideation : idea that an individual is that suicide could be a solution to the situation where it is and as it deems intolerable or the mental pain and distress he feels. Suicidal crisis: state in which suicidal Unlock iPhone ideation becomes invasive 3 . Suicide, “one who, without making a move directly self-aggressive behaviors multiplied by (refusal of treatment), risk situations where sometimes his life, in any case his health may be at stake” 3 . Equivalent of suicide: the term covers a variety of situations: some refused care during serious illness, some solar panels accidents or extreme risk-taking, etc. 4 . Views [ edit ]
In medicine [ edit ] Main article: Medical Perspective on Suicide . In many cases, suicide becomes part of the evolution of a psychiatric disorder, usually depression , schizophrenia , personality disorder , sleep disorders etc.. In religion [ edit ] Main
article: Religious Perspective on Suicide . Suicide is an act traditionally condemned as part of the monotheistic religions . While the act of suicide is first an act that goes against oneself, the “ownership” of the destiny of man to God that this act is scrabble word finder a breach of the specific relationship between the man and God and an act going against God’s sovereignty. The view Catholic was clear from the first council of life insurance quotes online Braga , held to 561 : it says that suicide is a crime in Christendom, except in “crazy”. The first Council engagement ring of Braga intended to fight against the heathen ways of thinking at a time still deeply marked by the Roman mentality where suicide was presented as a noble way, an honorable death, advisable to buy a crime while Christianity wanted to mark as alone the pardon , acceptance of engaging in a criminal justice, was the only acceptable way. The Islam forbids suicide and considers it a sin (or even a crime). According to a hadith , Muhammad refused to pray on a suicide that was presented to him, yet he had ordered his companions to do it anyway. Commit suicide is far from being considered a good thing, in the sense that taking someone’s life is considered negative. However, from a Buddhist perspective, what we do or do not do is not the only criterion that determines whether an act is “good”, “bad” or “very bad”. The essential criterion is the motivation behind the act. According to the theory of karma, whatever we do, our actions have consequences. Nothing and no one decides to reward us or punish us. It is the strength of the action itself that pay day loan determines the outcome. According to the principles of interdependence and karma, our death is followed by a rebirth in the next life 5 . Suicide is perceived quite differently in different cultures, whether in Western societies, it has long been regarded as immoral and dishonorable, it is in other societies precisely the means of recovering a lost honor. In Asia, there are forms of ritual suicide as jauhar and sati in India. The seppuku Japanese for his suicide is seen as an honorable way to handle certain situations perceived as too ashamed or hopeless. A study conducted in 26 countries of Judeo-Christian tradition has found that more women and older people were religious, the less committed suicide 6 . Type [ edit ]
Emile Durkheim , a founder of sociology , published in 1897 his famous book The Suicide where he analyzes this phenomenon from a social perspective. There are four types of suicide: egoistic suicide, Bankruptcy altruistic suicide, suicide, anomic and fatalistic suicide. In each case, social disintegration is the real root cause. Suicide “altruistic” [ edit ] It is particularly developed in societies where the integration is sufficiently strong to deny the individuality of its members. The individual is so hcg diet plan absorbed in his group that his life can not exist outside the boundaries of this group. Examples of suicide “altruistic” suicide priests of some religions; Traditional suicide of the elderly have become a burden to the family; suicide among young military retirees; suicide of soldiers after a defeat, to preserve their honor (eg the Japanese committing suicide using grenades during the battle of Iwo Jima during the Pacific War ). In the case of isolated groups Teacher Professional Development to food almost exhausted, some suicides are sacrifices for the survival of the group or at least a portion. Suicide is collectively beneficial when resources would be sufficient for the survival of the group if it is reduced, while shared by all, the whole group will probably disappear, and the volunteers who in return the advantage of not – or not to – know the pangs of hunger . Recounting dramatic episodes of a double winter famine suffered by the Inuit (the Ammassalimiout) in 1882 and 1883 on the east coast of Greenland , Paul-
Emile Victor describes the suicides, including that of two women and their four young children throwing into the water to be found in the area of the dead, while others are suicides instead partly motivated by the desire not to be the cannibalism possible from their families reduced to this extremity, even if it was save 7 . In these stories and these circumstances, the death of a man is usually followed by the suicide of his wife, possibly with his children. Suicide “selfish” [ edit ] Here, unlike suicide “altruistic” (see above), a low integration , individualization of disproportionate and assertive at the expense of the social self , and a disintegration of society , during an age that offers no positive outlook. It is sometimes but not always, a symptom of a society too unstructured to provide a valid reason for existence as some of its individuals. This, for example, the adolescent suicide alone. This is also true of the old isolated emotionally or intellectually. Suicide “anomic” [ edit ] Anomic suicide is due to social changes too fast for that individuals can adjust their moral compass. The word “ anomie “comes from the Greek ἀνομία / anomia and means “no rules, violation of the rule.” It was borrowed in the first place, philosophy by Jean-Marie Guyau ( 1 854 – in 1888 ) which, unlike the Greeks used it in a positive way: anomie is the emancipation of the limits set by the virtual rights. However, the French sociologist Emile Durkheim ( 1,858 payday loan – 1917 ), studying suicidal behavior, but uses it returns to a more dark and negative word, where the breaking of rules can be very damaging to the psyche and lead to suicide. e cigarette It has been shown by studies that suicide increases proportionally to the disruptive social and economic: whether stock market crises or economic upturn, the suicide rate increases because the individual loses its bearings and its regulators. This suicide is common in social groups where regulation is weak . Suicide “fatalistic” [ edit ] Fatalistic suicide is defined by taking into account the individual fate of a walled, stone. It takes place in social wedding rings groups Discount Judaica products where the regulation is strong . Suicide bomber , one of whose “future is walled up mercilessly.” Also included in this category suicide husband too young or that of slaves and prisoners. Sati, India: practice which requires widows to stand at the stake online cash advance where you have to burn the bodies of their husbands because of social pressure they can not refuse this “suicide” and do not always consciously choose to sacrifice . Sexual distinction [ edit ] Although Durkheim attempted to explain sociological phenomena he studied, he still inserted explanations, sexist , to biology and naturalization of certain social behaviors. For example, in the case of his study of suicide, he said that if women committed suicide less than men, after a bereavement or divorce, this was due to greater autonomy from them: “But the consequence of divorce is peculiar to man, it does not reach the wife. Indeed, the sexual needs of women have a less mind because of his mental life in general is less developed. They are more immediately relevant to the requirements of the body, following more than they are ahead and find therefore an effective brake. Because the woman is a more instinctive than humans, to find the peace and quiet, she has only to follow his instincts. Social regulation as narrow as casino that of marriage and, especially, of monogamous marriage to him is not necessary. ” – Durkheim (1897) Suicide , page 306. Other forms of suicide [ edit ]
The xx th century saw the suicide of protest , especially by fire ( monk Thich Quang free government money Duc protesting and against the Vietnam War in 1963 , Czech student Jan Palach against the occupation of his country 8 ). Suicide in France of a young worker that his leadership would prohibit long hair in the late 1960s was highly publicized. Finally, Professor Alfred Metraux has explicitly stated that his suicide was to point out the difficult living conditions of older persons in the society of his time. In 2011, the suicide of Tunisian vegetable dealer 26 years Mohamed Bouazizi be a trigger for a series of revolutions in the Arab-Muslim world. Methods [ edit ]
The methods used by suicide victims are compiled by the WHO to develop effective strategies for suicide prevention . Pesticide poisoning is common in many countries of Asia and Latin America, drug poisoning is common in the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. The hanging is the method most commonly used in Eastern Europe, while there is often the use of firearms in the United States and jumping from a high place in major cities such Hong Kong 9 . Philosophy [ edit ]
Main article: Suicide and philosophy . Suicide is seen much differently in evoking the philosophical. It can be seen as a supreme act of freedom or option of weakness and self-denial or sacrifice. The contrary view, suicide is contrasted with humanity. Indeed, death is part of nature. To commit suicide, so it deny the nature and object to it. It’s away from his humanity. For Plato, the death was the property of the Gods and Fates who cut the thread of life. For Plato, to commit suicide, so it’s going against the will of the gods … Paul Valery mentions in Tel Quel that suicide is generally due to the inability of the victim to remove her an idea causing him pain, and therefore believe that it can not end with his own life. For Jean-Jacques Delfour 10 , suicide is not wanting to die, since it ignores what death is, in the sense that he does not experience. Suicide for him is only one way to end suffering. However, if they end their suffering, they also end the suppression of this suffering and therefore do denver martial arts not benefit, and the freedom that we have on his life, the power to kill, disappears with the life itself, so there is no opportunity to enjoy it. For him, there is no such thing as suicide, but an attack of the body for which nothing came interrupting the process death. Factors and suicide attempt [ edit ]
Psychiatry, psychology, sociology, philosophy, theology and law in their respective interest in the issue of suicide. In addition to these theoretical studies, there are practical steps to suicide prevention and support of those who commit a suicide attempt. Despite efforts to prevent and treat these diseases, suicide remains a major public health problem. The challenge about suicide is to develop an explanatory model and predictive, that is to say, based on a pathophysiology in large part to discover and integrating risk factors currently known. A completed suicide is often preceded by a suicidal process that becomes manifest in the words of the subject and / or suicide attempts. The ability to respond to psychosocial adversity and mental illness in suicidal behavior reflects an underlying predisposition. Suicide prevention to be effective must take into account this predisposition. Suicide may be due to psychological difficulties, including severe depression . Other cases (suicide following a disgrace for example) are less common in Western cultures. Were observed when a suicide accompanied the murder of others (often the partner, children), discussed in these cases of suicide extended or expanded . Sometimes the cause of suicide is a reflection on the existence, influenced by the philosophy of nihilism . Suicide usually has multiple causes. The factors leading to suicide can be classified into three categories: The primary factors : The primary factors are factors over which we can act, they have a value of “alert”. These are the personal history (previous suicide attempts, mood disorders), family history (if relatives have committed suicide, it can take a value of “example” and disorders psychiatric proven ( schizophrenia , substance abuse , alcoholism , etc.).. Send to a depression to get rid of the firearms he owns his home is statistically lower its successes of suicide, because the use of a firearm is simple and fast, which can lead to fatal act for a short moment of madness. Secondary factors : Secondary factors are factors on which we can act weakly [Contradiction!] , and have in themselves little predictive value unless combined with primary factors. This is essentially the social situation ( isolation, loneliness [Contradiction!] , unemployment , social devaluation in the elderly 11 , bullying among young people) 12 and traumatic past events ( bereavement , sexual abuse, separation, abuse ). Chronic diseases are not suicidogenic, except for the elderly 13 . Tertiary factors : These are factors over which we can hardly do, and have predictive value in the presence of primary or secondary factors. This is for example the age (the probabilities are between 35 and 54, and beyond 70 years) or male membership (see section Statistics ). The difficulty to accept his old age (low self-esteem – see ageism ) and physical and mental decline. The difficulty to accept his sexual orientation and emotional (low self-esteem – see homophobia ). The time of year also has affiliate marketing guide an influence. We notice a hollow at the end of the year during the holidays, perhaps due to a reconciliation between people 14 . Some studies attempt to correlate the number of suicides and length of days during the winter. Indeed, the light would have an antidepressant effect. [ref. required] Protective factors [ edit ] Several protective factors that help to offset some best web hosting negative effects noted risk factors associated with suicide. Here are some examples: Stress management strategies appropriate Available social network and significant Openness to receive help Self-esteem and confidence high Support teachers and other adults at school Vision of the school as an investment location Confidence in his ability to chicago dui lawyer face the obstacles of life Model of suicidal behavior [ edit ]
“It is very important to model the suicidal behavior because its predictability is very low. Although the majority of subjects who attempt suicide or commit suicide are not known as having a psychiatric disorder, investigations called “psychological autopsy” conducted in the circle of suicide subjects show that from 90 to 95 % of subjects who died by suicide had make t shirts a psychiatric disorder. ” – Consensus Conference, the suicidal crisis , p. ANAES 77 Two main models have been developed to explain and predict suicidal behavior. These two models complement each other more than they are mutually exclusive. Stress-susceptibility [ edit ] The authors start with the following findings: 90% of suicide victims suffered from a psychiatric disorder at the time of death but many psychiatric patients are not suicide attempts. A psychiatric diagnosis is a necessary but not sufficient to commit suicide. It is therefore necessary to identify risk factors for suicide outside the psychiatric diagnosis. A previous suicide attempt is the best predictor of future suicide attempts but only 20-30% of patients who commit suicide have made prior suicide attempts. A first important result is that patients who attempt suicide do not differ significantly from those who are not in terms of severity of acute psychopathology. This goes against a perception that the severity of symptoms predisposes to suicide. For cons, the intensity of suicidal ideation is a risk factor for acting out. At the risk of suicide, pathology occurs by longitudinal parameters: The number of psychopathological episodes before the suicide attempt is a prognostic factor, The age of onset of the disease: the low age of onset is a risk factor. Stable elements of behavior were found as markers of susceptibility: The dimension of impulsivity / aggression; A personality disorder associated; History of alcohol or abuse / substance dependence; The act of smoking; A history of head trauma; Family history of suicide attempt; Abuse and / or violence in childhood. Model called the suicidal process [ edit ] This is the locksmith model that was chosen by the INSERM ‘s work on suicide. It is possible to observe a suicidal process in the individual before acting out. Suicidal people are fragile (accumulated risk factors) that
predisposes them to respond inappropriately in stressful situations. Any loss (eg loss of a (e) friend (s) or bereavement of a loved one) triggers the process. A period of depression following the loss, then the stage of the crisis settles. The state of crisis may be accompanied by ideation passengers who will turn into rumination, then crystallization (formation of a specific plan to move to the act: where, when, how?) to achieve the planned attempt. In most cases, suicide is not an impulsive act but a premeditated act that results from a well-defined process. This allows for a specific intervention is possible at each stage. The person involved with a suicidal individual must be attentive to the signs associated with each phase of the process. The suicidal process is a process that lasts a few hours or days. There are three steps: The thoughts or suicidal ideation (suicidal ideation); Suicidal crisis: thoughts of suicide become ubiquitous (ruminations) and the patient develops scenarios of acting out; The transition to the suicidal act. Studies of cognition suicide found the following characteristics that predispose to suicidal acting out under stress: Tend to see themselves as losers when confronted with psychosocial risks ; Inability to perceive a possibility of leakage, which is to contact an autobiographical memory filled with setbacks and disabilities to solve problems; Feeling that no one can do anything for him (hopelessness). This special cognition seems to be related with a deficit of executive functions in particular difficulties in developing strategies for decision-making as was shown in a recent study. Finally, we will say a few words about the neurobiology of suicide. The line is regularly found dysfunction of the serotonergic system as it is evidenced by a decrease in urinary metabolites of serotonin, or metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, or by a decrease in the binding of serotonin in the prefrontal . For a detailed review, we can see The neurobiology of suicide and suicidality . References : Mann JJ, Waternaux C, Haas GL., And al., Toward a clinical model of suicidal psychiatric patients in Behavior , Am J Psychiatry , 1999, 156: 181-189. Maria A. Oquendo, Hanga Galfalvy, Stefani Russo, Steven P. Ellis, Michael F. Grunebaum, Ainsley Burke, and J. John Mann, Prospective Study of Clinical Predictors of Suicidal Acts After a Major Depressive Episode in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder San Diego Homes For Rent or Bipolar Disorder , Am J Psychiatry , Aug 2004, 161: 1433-1441. INSERM, the suicidal crisis , consensus conference. 2001 John Libbey Eurotext. Keilp JG., Sackeim HA., Brodsky BS. And al. Neuropsychological dysfunction in depressed suicide attempters safety defensive driving , Am J Psychiatry, 2001, 158: 735-741. Go Heeringen K. The neurobiology of suicide and suicidability . The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, June 2003. Prevention [ edit ]
Fence erected to prevent suicides on the bridge Tromsøbrua, Tromsø , Norway . Suicide is usually 100 day loans announced, many are trying to prevent suicide and their families left a farewell letter to explain their actions. These thoughts are taken seriously, if there is a risk of suicide attempt, we must speak openly with the person in order to avoid it. The evocation of death with a person, ask “have you thought about death? “Is not suicidogenic, but puts to show that we understand suffering. When discussing, it should not be judgmental, we can try to make him remember old problems and the strategies she implemented to solve them. According to Professor Michael Standing 15 : “When you think someone is wrong, do not hesitate to tell him what you feel. And how it is said is pastries important. If you ask him, “it will not? “It is likely to contain a type of response:” But if it’s going very well. “Whereas if you say” I feel bad, “you get involved personally, and you show that you are offering not only listening, but even a real dialogue. From there, depending on the situation and your relationship with her. But you can try to direct it to a support, a specialist or an association that can help. ” People who have attempted suicide are generally supported by service acute care hospital (as a result of poisoning or injury often requiring resuscitation). Once the episode and overcome critical distance from any life-threatening, the patient is referred to a psychiatric ward. The STD Test hospital is voluntary in most cases, but some severe depression (sadness, depression, delirium) may result in hospitalization at the request of one third or even involuntary hospitalization. In all cases, subjects who have attempted suicide should be evaluated by a psychiatrist, and often directed to a structure adapted to support a curable cause of suicide (depression very often, but psychosis, alcoholism, etc.).. In the case of a Phen375 stay in psychiatry, there is provided a subsequent follow-up in psychiatric consultation (hospital Storage Bins or a private psychiatrist). Despite these efforts support and the ability to hospital against the wishes of suicide in France, a quarter of the suicidal adolescent children discharged from hospital without having had a psychiatric consultation. This support people who attempt suicide is important because the risk of a new attempt is great (75% in both years). However, it is also necessary to make a suicide prevention upstream. This requires an explanation of what depression . It is hoped that doctors (60 to 70% of suicides go to a doctor in the month preceding the acting out of which 36% in the week before), teachers and generally anyone in contact with adolescents or people in social distress are trained, advertising campaigns are conducted to educate the general public to this problem and help those likely to commit suicide to abandon the idea by opening the way for other alternatives. The ideal would be to convince the person to seek medical attention or contact a specialist association. If the acting out is felt imminent, it is summoning assistance (primarily the medical regulation , the “15″ in France, ” 112 “in Europe for various emergencies) and 911 in Canada. However, listening in order to express the person’s problems is only a first step to prevention. French aid [ edit ] There are many aid made available for each individual. The first stage is generally supported by telephone by the associations in each country starting with the country speaking Europe : [Show] Telephone support for French-speaking countries In France and Switzerland, these services “are confined exclusively to listen” and do not “even at the express request of the person in distress.” In French Canada “Quebec”, if the person is found to be in immediate danger, stakeholders 1-866-APPELLE trace the call and send relief. It is a line of action. For English, the service SOS Friendship specialist may refer to denver injury lawyer a psychiatrist or English call the fire “at the express request” of the person. Friendship SOS also has a listening service by email, but with 48 times for answers. Other support can be found as such on forums stating provide psychological support currently available on the Internet 17 . Some [who?] , it is necessary to approach these sites with caution because of: The inability to control the jurisdiction of speakers: a website is easy to create, it does not provide the guarantee of a structure engaged in internal training and evaluation of its staff; The cultural gap may exist between people speaking the same language but can be very different culture. These two factors could lead to inadequate assistance, which could even be suicidogenic. SOS Friendship Internet, in weight loss pills line with its hotline, offers a free web service to listen, but not permanent, working e-mail to give people the opportunity to put into words their difficulties and suffering 18 . People who respond to the messages belong to the team listening to the phone and have been specifically trained to listen writing. Messages ppi reclaim received are answered within 48 hours. Active intervention (high urgency) [ edit ]
This article or section adopts a regional perspective or cultural and should be internationalized . Thank you for the better or discuss on his talk page ! Currently there is no gradation between the listening process (Help and Support telephone internet) and the intervention of emergency services on a case already passed the act. Preventing an emergency high to be performed by the environment or the attending physician. This raises the following issues: Training Creation of structures of interventions able to compensate for their lack Epidemiology [ edit ]
Number of suicide deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in 2004 19 No data <3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 > 33 Main articles: List of countries by suicide rate and Epidemiology of suicide . The epidemiology of suicide is a discipline of epidemiology , which aims to promote the study of the distribution and determinants of suicide in populations. Worldwide, 815,000 people committed suicide in 2000 , or 14.5 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants (one death every 40 seconds 20 ). The epidemiology of suicide still varies from country to country, and sometimes even between different communities within a country. Suicide attempts are much more frequent, but their number is very difficult to assess. The statistics are considered more or less reliable depending on the country. Some suicides may pass for natural or accidental deaths or crimes (and vice versa). The wow gold accuracy of these statistics also depends on how forensics and police work. In France [ edit ] Monitoring the changes in the incidence of suicides in France is conducted by the sentinel network of Inserm . In 2008, the suicide rate was 16.2 per 100 000 population 21 , 22 or, expressed as follows by the WHO, 26.4 for men and 7.2 for women 23 . Among French adolescents who made suicide attempts, one quarter (25%) is gay 24 . According to InVS , the mortality rate from suicide is three times higher among employees and workers free ipad than among managers. This rate also varied fields of activity. The highest figures relate to the health and social work (34.3 / 100,000) and then followed by the sectors of public administration (outside the State Civil Service) (29.8 / 100 000), construction (27.3 / 100,000) and housing (26.7 / 100,000). According to Le Figaro , the suicide rate of farmers is 32 per 100 000, against 28 per 100,000 among workers
and 8 100 000 for the “intellectual professions”. In OECD countries [ edit ] Among the countries of the OECD , suicide rates are highest in Japan and France (15 to 20 per 100,000) and lowest in Italy , Britain and the United States 25 . Curiously, Sweden France keeps the reputation of a country that many committed suicide, while the practice is per million population 30% below that of France 26 . Suicide rates are even higher, however, Austria and Hungary 26 . In Switzerland the suicide rate in 2008 was 14.4 per 100 000 population Cell Phone Accessories 27 . In Japan [ edit ] Japan is the country where the suicide rate is highest among adolescents . But the average age of suicide remains high due to the high proportion of elderly among the suicides. In 2009 , there were 32 845 suicides 28 according to the Japanese police, 32 000 in 2008, 33 100 cases in 2007). This is the twelfth consecutive year that more than 30 000 suicides / year in Japan. Japan began in 2009 to publish monthly statistics (eg 2650 case in January 2009 compared with 2300 cases reported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in January 2007 to 29 ). Society and Media [ edit ]
Policy [ edit ]
The suicide of Ajax . Suicide has been used in history as a political opposition and protests. We will not process the suicide attack . Suicide may be a political act, close to the martyrdom . In medieval Japan, criticism of the Shogun was accompanied by a seppuku of the accuser. In modern times, suicide is used to protest dramatically, including autocrémation 30 , against a situation considered intolerable: On 11 June 1963 , in Saigon, the monk Thich Quang Đức committed suicide to protest against the dictatorial regime of Vietnamese President Ngo Diem Đình . This act was later imitated; Jan Palach and Jan Zajíc in 1969 to protest against the Soviet repression of the Prague Spring ; Three members of the Mojahedin Organization of the Iranian people in 2003 to denounce the arrest of Maryam Rajavi by the French police. Josiane Nardi in France October 18, 2008 to protest against the deportation policy of Armenian companion undocumented. Act [ edit ] He was State where suicide could be condemned by the death penalty . In France, suicide is no longer suppressed since the Criminal Code of 1810 other than possibly an involuntary hospitalization (HO) prefecture. [ref. required] Assisted suicide or euthanasia [ edit ]
Euthanasia machine invented by Dr. Philip Nitschke . Articles: Euthanasia , Euthanasia Legislation by country and Assisted Suicide . The euthanasia (easy death) and the assisted suicide (the decision to execute a suicide or not to intervene in the situation where it started if it has clearly expressed its will) are now (2005 ) the subject of debate and controversy in most countries in Europe or North America. In France , it is now condemned as a homicide . The law confirms the stigma that suicide is flawed: assisted suicide is prohibited for “voluntary decision to provide assistance to persons in danger” (Article 223-6 of the Penal Code , a concept better known as the “ non- assistance to persons in danger “ 31 . In 2007, the Vincent Humbert case highlighted the peculiarity of French law. The European Court of Human Rights in Case of Pretty v. United Kingdom of 29 April 2002 , declared unanimously that suicide was outside at the moment within the scope of any human right hcg diet reviews or the Article 2 of the Convention protects the right to life : “Accordingly, the Court considers that it is not possible to deduce from Article 2 of the Convention a” right to die “, whether at the hands of third (or abstention from the intervention of third parties), or with the assistance of a public authority. ” It is allowed in countries car transport like the Netherlands , the Belgian , the Oregon (the U.S. ). In Switzerland , the penal code tolerates since Article 115 32 states to punish assisted suicide if it is caused by “selfish motives”. Two Swiss associations, Exit and Dignitas have been created to help the terminally ill to end their lives or prevent unwanted medical interventions to revive them. Suicide and insurance in France [ edit ] Offense of incitement to suicide [ edit ] Following the publication of the book Suicide, user manual , was established in 1987 the crime of “incitement to suicide” (Art. 223-13 to 223-15-1 of the Penal Code ), resulting in the Prohibition of publication of the book. Legislation [ edit ] In France , Article L132-7 of the Insurance Code has 33 , 34 : Insurance for death is void if the insured is given voluntarily death during the first year 35 of the contract. Insurance for death to cover the risk of suicide after the second year of the contract. In case of increase of the guarantees under the contract, the risk of suicide, suspension lift kits for additional guarantees, is covered from the second year following the increase. The first paragraph does not apply to contracts referred to in Article L. 141-1 made by the organizations mentioned in the last paragraph of Article L. 141-6. Insurance for death must cover at time of application, subject to a ceiling which will be defined by decree, the contracts mentioned in Article L. 141-1 made by the bodies mentioned in the last sentence of the last paragraph of Article L. 141-6, to guarantee the repayment of Wire Cart Covers a loan to finance the acquisition of primary residence of the insured. Jurisprudence [ edit ] “Whereas in stating chiropractic marketing no evidence to suggest that the insured did not have the enjoyment of his reason at the time of his suicide, after noting, first, that his body was found in his car parked in an enclosed, engine running and connected to the interior exhaust pipe through a pipe, and secondly, that the Relevant Life Policy victim had left his widow a letter devoid of ambiguity about its intentions, c is not reverse the burden of proof that the Court of Appeal accepted the existence of a suicide voluntary and conscious subject to Article L. 132-7 of the Insurance Code, as amended prior to Act No. 98-546 of 2 July 1998, which is not applicable to the case when the claim is earlier, that the plea is without merit . ” History [ auto insurance rates edit ]
In the Roman Empire , it was customary that close to the emperor, wishing to end his days in the prior claim to it. Illustration, for example, in the Memoirs of Hadrian (who is a well-documented fiction Marguerite Yourcenar ). In the ancient times , suicide was electric cigarette committed after a defeat in a battle to avoid capture and possible torture, mutilation or setting slavery by the enemy. Thus, during the Second Punic War, Princess Carthaginian Sophonisba took poison to avoid falling into the hands of the Romans. Brutus and Cassius , the assassins of Julius Caesar , committed suicide after the defeat of the battle of Philippi . Cleopatra VII , last queen of Egypt, also took his own life to avoid being taken prisoner in Rome. The Jews of Masada provide another example by committing suicide en masse in 74 BC. AD to escape enslavement by the Romans . In Roman society, suicide was an accepted means by which his honor was preserved. Those who were tried for capital crimes, for example, could prevent the confiscation of property and family property by committing suicide before conviction by the court. And then ironically emphasized that Domitian , the Roman emperor, showed his compassion and mercy of god of love by allowing a man convicted of committing suicide. At the end of the xviii th century , Goethe published The Sorrows of Young Werther ( Die Leiden jungen of Werther ), a romantic story where the young Werther kills himself because his love is inaccessible. The novel is a real success and cause a wave of suicides in Germany . The poet Alfred Alvarez published a study on suicide in literature entitled The God wild essay on suicide . Jean Amery published a book in 1976 about suicide when he argues that suicide is the ultimate freedom of humanity. He committed suicide two years later. Note also the seppuku (commonly known as hara-kiri) samurai who, by honor and respect of Bushido , killed themselves to avoid being taken prisoner or to restore the honor of their family or clan, due to a fault.
